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                                                                                                                                                                                                                            {"data":[{"name":"after shows"},{"name":"alternative health"},{"name":"arts"},{"name":"astronomy"},{"name":"automotive"},{"name":"aviation"},{"name":"baseball"},{"name":"basketball"},{"name":"books"},{"name":"business"},{"name":"business news"},{"name":"careers"},{"name":"chemistry"},{"name":"christianity"},{"name":"comedy"},{"name":"comedy fiction"},{"name":"comedy interviews"},{"name":"courses"},{"name":"crafts"},{"name":"daily news"},{"name":"design"},{"name":"documentary"},{"name":"drama"},{"name":"earth sciences"},{"name":"education"},{"name":"education for kids"},{"name":"education technology"},{"name":"entertainment news"},{"name":"entrepreneurship"},{"name":"fantasy sports"},{"name":"fashion & beauty"},{"name":"fiction"},{"name":"film history"},{"name":"film interviews"},{"name":"film reviews"},{"name":"fitness"},{"name":"food"},{"name":"football"},{"name":"games"},{"name":"games & hobbies"},{"name":"golf"},{"name":"government"},{"name":"government & organizations"},{"name":"health"},{"name":"health & fitness"},{"name":"higher education"},{"name":"hinduism"},{"name":"history"},{"name":"hobbies"},{"name":"hockey"},{"name":"home & garden"},{"name":"how to"},{"name":"improv"},{"name":"investing"},{"name":"kids & family"},{"name":"language learning"},{"name":"leisure"},{"name":"life sciences"},{"name":"literature"},{"name":"local"},{"name":"management"},{"name":"management & marketing"},{"name":"marketing"},{"name":"mathematics"},{"name":"medicine"},{"name":"mental health"},{"name":"music"},{"name":"music commentary"},{"name":"music history"},{"name":"music interviews"},{"name":"national"},{"name":"natural sciences"},{"name":"nature"},{"name":"news"},{"name":"news & politics"},{"name":"news commentary"},{"name":"non-profit"},{"name":"nutrition"},{"name":"other"},{"name":"parenting"},{"name":"performing arts"},{"name":"personal journals"},{"name":"pets & animals"},{"name":"philosophy"},{"name":"physics"},{"name":"places & travel"},{"name":"podcasting"},{"name":"politics"},{"name":"professional"},{"name":"regional"},{"name":"relationships"},{"name":"religion"},{"name":"religion & spirituality"},{"name":"running"},{"name":"science"},{"name":"science & medicine"},{"name":"science fiction"},{"name":"self improvement"},{"name":"self-help"}]}
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                    

       
                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            {"data":[{"id":1857,"title":"The 20th Maine's Little Round Top hero had a hardscrabble life","description":"How Joshua Chamberlain saved Andrew Tozier's life \u2014 after the war.","transcription":"This podcast is a HistoryNet article brought to life by an AI voice provided by InstaRead. You can find the original article and many more at HistoryNet.com. As he read the name of the prisoner at Concerned, his mind no doubt wandered to a moment from seven years earlier and 500 miles away during the Battle of Gettysburg, that hellish firefight had made his reputation, eventually propelling him to a general ship and later the very gubernatorial seat he now occupied. One image continually returned to Chamberlain's mind. Through the mist of the battle could be seen our colors planted in the ground and held firmly by our sergeant with musket in his hands. That color sergeant was Andrew Jackson-Tozier of Plymouth, the man and place well named. Now that bold and brave flag bearer was imprisoned. What would Governor Chamberlain do? Born February 11, 1838, Andrew Jackson-Tozier was the fifth of seven children of John and Teresa Tozier of Monmouth, Maine. The Tozier's financial situation was precarious with just $200 property to their name in 1850. Ten years later, they were designated poppers. Older brother Augustus was a sailor and in 1851, young Andrew followed the same path. Half a century later, Andrew's wife explained, he went to see at the age of 13 years and followed the life of a sailor continuously for a decade, except short visits to his parents until he enlisted. Embracing maritime culture, Tozier acquired two tattoos later described as female on right arm and five pointed star in first base of right hand. The second tattoo was likely a nautical star symbolically intended to guide sailors back home. When the Civil War began, Andrew returned home and enlisted in the second Maine on July 15, 1861, about six weeks after the unit's formal mustering in. Not surprising, given his worldly experience, height of six feet and tattoos, Tozier stood out. And despite being a later addition to the unit, he was promoted to corporal in early 1861. June 1862 was a watershed month in Tozier's life, as he suffered the trifecta of disease, battle wound, and capture. The second Maine spent much of June building roads and bridges in the swampy eastern approaches to Richmond. It was back breaking work with severe consequences. William Jones, a member of the second, remembered Tozier, did become disabled by having contracted disease of heart, brought on by heavy lifting and building bridges and corduroy roads, and exposure to miasma in the Chica hominis swamp. Remembered William Foss of the second Maine. Being in the mud and water and hard work, he was taken with heart trouble. He did not go away to the hospital, but stayed with the co. He had fainting spells and would have to be helped to the doctor's tent. He stayed with the co until the battle of Gaines' mill. On June 25, 1862, General Robert E. Lee launched his Virginia offensive known as the Seven Days Campaign. At Gaines' mill, on June 27, he sent 58,000 men against the Union lines. Tozier described the day in his pension file. After fighting from 10 o'clock till after 5 in the afternoon, on June 27, 1862, at the Battle of Gaines' mill, I was wounded through the left hand and just after was shot on the inside of my left ankle and was taken prisoner. The ball did not go through, but lodged and was taken out by a southern doctor the next day. His mobility limited by the lower leg wound, Tozier was one of 50 men from his unit, captured that day. The hand wound was more severe, however, his middle finger requiring amputation at the first joint and those on either side badly damaged. In later years, Tozier's left arm would measure 3\/4 of an While on Bel-Ail, Tozier came across his first cousin, Winfield Norcross of the 7th Maine, who had been wounded at Savage Station on June 29. Despite suffering from chills, fainting spells, and heart problems, Tozier dressed Norcross's wounds and brought him water. Fortunately, Tozier was exchanged on August 28th, 3 and was sent to a hospital in Chester, Pennsylvania, to recover, remaining there until late October. Tozier was promoted to sergeant in late 1862 and then to first sergeant on January 1, 1863. The 2nd Maine had been mustered into state service on May 2, 1861, having signed two-year enlistment contracts as directed by the governor. The regular army officer who accepted them for federal service on May 28, 2021, insisted the men re-sign three-year contracts, though only about 20% did so. Later recruits who joined the unit after May 1861, like Andrew Tozier, signed three-year enlistment papers, but many were promised they would be allowed to go home when the 2nd Maine was mustered out in May 1863 at the end of its two years of service. As spring approached, the men who had signed three-year contracts were anxious about how their situation would play out. The Union army decided that any original members mustered into federal service on May 28, 1861, regardless of what enlistment period document they had signed, would be allowed to go home. The 120 men who had enlisted after that date, however, would be held to the full three years. In Andrew Tozier's case, enlisting six weeks later meant he owed an extra year of service. He and the other men required to stay were sent to the 20th Maine to fulfill their obligation. When the men in that lot were told of their situation on May 23, many mutinied and refused to go peacefully, necessitating their transfer at bayonet point three days later. 40 men continued to protest even after transferring to the 20th Maine, but the rest, Tozier included, fell into line, and appeared at drill on May 27. Tozier immediately caught the eye of the 20th's relatively new colonel. Joshua Chamberlain, who had taken command of the regiment on May 20. Chamberlain was impressed with Tozier's behavior, plus his soldier bearing, plus personal efficiency, an example of all that was excellent as a soldier. The 20th Maine had been engaged at the December 1862 Battle of Fredericksburg, but the regiment was on guard duty in the rear during the Battle of Chancellorsville because of a smallpox outbreak. In early June, a few weeks after its Chancellorsville victory, the Army of Northern Virginia was on the march, hoping to bring the war north of the Potomac River, pursued by the 20th Maine and the Army of the Potomac. During his northward march to destiny, on a rocky hill, Chamberlain was presented with a perfect opportunity to complete the integration of the former second Maine men into their new unit. Proctors in discretion cost him his rank and the position of honor as a color bearer. Chamberlain selected Tozier as the new national flag bearer, partially in recognition of the man's record, partially due to his belief that Tozier would perform the duty well and partially a continuation of his efforts to fully integrate the second Maine men into their new unit. No matter the motivation, it was an inspired decision, and then came Gettysburg, glory at Gettysburg. On July The 20th Maine was placed on the extreme left of Colonel Strong Vincent's Third Brigade, which also included the 16th Michigan, 44th New York, and 83rd Pennsylvania. The brigade occupied a position in the saddle between little and big round top. That meant the 20th was also on the extreme left of the Army of the Potomac. The story is well known. During a 90-minute firefight, the Maine regiment repelled six attacks from the numerically superior 15th Alabama. Holding the colors aloft, Tosier was at the point of that V. A position of extreme exposure so dangerous that one of the color guard assigned to protect him, Melville Day, fell dead with five bullets in him, and another, Charles Reed, would be wounded as well. Later, Reed recounted that after he was wounded, Sartre, Tosier said, Eventually, the severity of Reed's wounds dictated that he seek aid, so Tosier took back the flag, but continued to load and fire Reed's musket simultaneously. This scene became one of the iconic images of the fight. Years later, Captain Ellis Spear wrote, The 20th Maine expended all of its cartridges. Ordering the unit to fix bayonets in charge, Chamberlain took his place next to Tosier. The surprise maneuver worked, and the Manors captured 308 prisoners from five Confederate regiments, securing their position and helping keep the critical height of little round top out of Confederate hands. Tosier had played a significant role in the unit's performance. Immediately after the Battle of Gettysburg, Chamberlain wrote, I offered him a commission for the special gallantry he showed in that battle. He modestly chose to remain color sergeant. 1863 suggests that possibility. At some point previously, he may also have learned of the death of his younger brother, Ezra, in a Confederate prison camp. Between the debacle with the extra year of service, Ezra's treatment and death, and his own deteriorating condition, Tosier may have desired to get out of the army. Before he could return home, however, Tosier would be wounded yet again. On May 26, 1864, at the North Anna River, Tosier wrecked a wound from a ball which struck the left side of head seven inches behind and above the left eye, and part of the ball escaped and part remained in the wound. This wound, along with the heart troubles, would become his biggest health concern. Tosier mustered out on July 15, 1864, receiving $100 in bounty money, plus $30.43 from his unused clothing allowance. He likely returned home via train, arriving in Maine in late July. In May 1863, the original members of the second Maine had returned home to a parade in Bangor, and in June 1865, the 20th Maine received the same treatment in Portland. But Tosier returned home without such closure and with little idea of what to do next. He had made his living through physic...